The shipping industry is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for nearly 3% of total emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a net-zero target for the shipping sector, which poses a challenge for developing economies like India that rely heavily on maritime trade. India has launched the Harit Sagar Green Port Guidelines to make its blue economy sustainable and align port development with its Nationally Determined Contribution and the Panchamrit goals.
The Harit Sagar framework outlines a pathway for India’s major ports to enhance energy efficiency and climate resilience, aligned with international standards. It aims to integrate climate ambition with development and trade, offering a template for other developing economies. The framework follows a “Eliminate, Reduce, and Control” model, guiding ports towards carbon-neutral development without adversely impacting nearby marine ecosystems and coastal communities.
The framework focuses on several key areas, including clean energy transition and circular economy, scaling renewable energy, managing water, pollution, and biodiversity, building climate-resilient port infrastructure, and governance and transparency in green port systems. For example, the framework encourages ports to adopt cleaner operations through solar and wind energy, equipment and vehicle retrofitting, electrification, and shore power for berthed ships. Ports are expected to reduce carbon emissions by 30% per tonne of cargo by 2030 and 70% by 2047, while increasing renewable energy use.
The implementation of Harit Sagar requires a careful, step-by-step approach involving all stakeholders. Monitoring must be more transparent and consistent, green finance must grow, and investments will be needed in skills and fuel infrastructure. International platforms such as the IMO, G20, and BRICS can further support fair maritime climate policies. If implemented effectively, India’s green port journey can demonstrate globally that economic growth and sustainability can go hand in hand.
India’s green port transformation has the potential to generate jobs and income, while promoting environmental protection and climate resilience. However, it is crucial to link port development to livelihoods, ecosystem health, and meaningful community participation to promote innovative, inclusive outcomes. By sharing its experiences with other emerging economies and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), India can help them adapt and implement green port transitions to diverse contexts.
Overall, the Harit Sagar framework is a significant step towards making India’s ports more sustainable and climate-resilient. Its successful implementation can serve as a model for other developing economies and contribute to achieving the IMO’s net-zero target for the shipping sector. With careful planning, investment, and international cooperation, India can demonstrate that economic growth and sustainability can go hand in hand, while promoting a more sustainable and environmentally friendly shipping industry.