Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) have conducted a comprehensive study to support the growth of green hydrogen production in India, aligning with the country’s climate and clean energy goals. India aims to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 and generate 50% of its electricity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy, is seen as a crucial solution to reduce pollution in industries, transport, and buildings, where emissions are harder to cut.
The study, led by Professor Satyanarayanan Seshadri, examined various methods of producing green hydrogen, their environmental impact, and the materials required to scale up production in India. The findings, published in the journal Energy & Fuels, provide guidance on how to expand green hydrogen production in an environmentally responsible manner. The research highlights the importance of choosing the right technology, as it directly impacts environmental outcomes, and emphasizes the need for policymakers and businesses to consider this when planning future investments.
The study focuses on a more efficient and responsive hydrogen production system, suitable for large-scale use alongside renewable power. This approach aligns with India’s clean energy plans and supports the National Green Hydrogen Mission, launched in January 2023, which aims to produce 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030. The mission also encourages domestic production of key equipment, which the study addresses by analyzing large-scale production options and their environmental effects.
The research reveals that different production designs can result in varying levels of pollution over time, and that systems with slightly higher emissions during manufacturing can still produce cleaner hydrogen over their lifespan. The study emphasizes the need to consider the full life cycle of a system, rather than just its initial impact. Additionally, the researchers suggest a simple ranking system to clearly indicate the environmental quality of hydrogen, as emissions can vary depending on production methods, even when using renewable energy.
The study also examines the availability of essential raw materials needed for hydrogen production and warns about potential supply challenges in the future. The researchers believe their work lays the foundation for further studies that will help India build a strong and reliable green hydrogen sector. Overall, the study provides valuable insights and guidance for policymakers, businesses, and researchers working towards a sustainable and environmentally responsible green hydrogen industry in India.