The Sun Temple of Modhera in Gujarat, India, has become a symbol of the country’s push towards renewable energy. The village of Modhera, with over 6,000 residents, is now powered entirely by solar energy, 24/7, thanks to an integrated network of rooftop panels, carport installations, and a battery storage system. This achievement is part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s “one sun, one grid” vision, which aims to promote the use of solar energy across the country.
India has made significant progress in increasing its solar power capacity, growing from 3 gigawatts in 2014 to nearly 130 gigawatts by 2025. The country has also achieved its target of 50% non-fossil power capacity, five years ahead of schedule. India now ranks third globally in solar installations, fourth in wind, and fourth overall in renewable capacity.
The government’s initiatives, such as the PM Surya Ghar program, have encouraged households to install rooftop solar systems, while the PM-KUSUM scheme has helped farmers switch to solar-powered irrigation pumps. The domestic manufacturing drive, via the PLI scheme for solar modules, has attracted significant investment and created thousands of jobs.
However, despite these successes, challenges remain. Coal still produces over two-thirds of India’s power, and the country’s electricity demand continues to rise. Land acquisition for mega-projects is a challenge, and the existing transmission infrastructure is often unable to handle the increased power generation. Energy storage is also a concern, with high costs and a nascent battery manufacturing industry.
To overcome these challenges, India needs to modernize its grid, integrate solar power into the existing infrastructure, and promote rooftop solar installations. The government must also address the strategic concerns surrounding the solar boom, including dependence on imports for key components. India needs to build strong and fully connected supply chains, reduce its reliance on imports, and promote self-reliance.
The International Solar Alliance, co-founded by India and France, aims to mobilize $1 trillion in solar investment by 2030 and bring clean energy to a billion people. India’s solar ambitions are not limited to its own borders, but have the potential to shape the global energy landscape.
In conclusion, India’s solar story is a success, but it is incomplete. The energy transition will not be won by installing megawatts, but by integrating systems, building industries, and strengthening grids. India has the opportunity to become a leader in the global energy transition, but it must make the right choices in the next decade to achieve a reliable, clean, and sustainable energy future.