Iraq, the second-largest oil producer in OPEC, has embarked on an ambitious plan to develop its solar energy industry. Despite having vast oil reserves that can last for 457 years at current consumption levels, the country is shifting its focus towards renewable energy. The first phase of the 300-megawatt Karbala solar power plant was recently installed, with the solar park producing 22MW of electricity, expected to increase to 75MW within two months. The project features over 39,000 solar panels and will expand to 525MW, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing grid stability.
Iraq has a high potential for solar energy, with expansive deserts and a high number of sunlight hours. The country receives between 2,800 and 3,000 hours of sunlight per year, making it an ideal location for solar power generation. Additionally, the lifetime cost of solar energy in Iraq is lower than fossil fuel power generation, even considering the cost of solar panels. The government has announced plans for several solar projects, including a 225-megawatt project in Babil province and a 1,000-megawatt project in Basra, with a combined capacity of 12,500 megawatts.
The shift towards solar energy is driven by the country’s struggle with power shortages and blackouts, which have been exacerbated by war, corruption, and mismanagement. Iraq relies heavily on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas, for electricity generation, but imports from Iran have been disrupted due to sanctions. The US has ended a sanctions waiver that allowed Iraq to purchase electricity from Iran, and the country is now focused on developing its own renewable energy resources.
The Karbala solar power plant is a significant step towards reducing Iraq’s reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing energy security. The project is expected to supply up to 20% of the country’s total electricity demand, and similar projects are being developed across the country. With its vast solar resources and favorable climate, Iraq has the potential to become a major player in the solar energy industry, reducing its dependence on oil and gas and promoting sustainable development.