India, the world’s fastest-growing economy, is facing a crucial challenge in meeting its energy needs sustainably while tackling climate change. With a population of over 1.4 billion and growing energy demands, the country must transition away from fossil fuels to achieve its goal of becoming a global leader in clean energy by 2047. Currently, India is the world’s third-largest energy consumer, with 75% of its energy consumption coming from fossil fuels, resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions.
However, India is making progress in developing its renewable energy resources, with an installed capacity of over 175 GW, including 70 GW of solar energy, 45 GW of wind energy, and 10 GW of biomass. The country aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2047, with interim targets of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 and 50% of its energy needs from renewable sources.
To achieve this vision, India plans to reduce CO2 emissions from existing power generation facilities, scale up renewable energy, invest in battery technology and other storage technologies, develop decentralized energy systems, and promote electric vehicles and clean industrial processes. However, the country faces significant challenges in reducing its dependence on fossil fuels, including economic, energy security, technological, and social considerations.
Despite these challenges, India has excellent potential for solar and wind energy, and the country is a major destination for global investments in renewable energy. The government has introduced several policies and initiatives to speed up the energy transition, including the National Solar Mission, Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles, and the National Hydrogen Mission.
International collaborations, such as the International Solar Alliance, and partnerships with countries like the US, EU, Japan, Germany, and Australia, will aid India’s energy transition. The private sector and civil society also play a crucial role in mobilizing resources and promoting innovation in the renewable energy sector.
To succeed in its energy transition, India will need to work across sectors, states, and stakeholders, support research and innovation, and ensure that vulnerable populations and regions are protected. Climate change is a global challenge, and India’s role in international forums will be critical in addressing this issue. If India achieves its goal of becoming a global leader in clean energy, it will set an example for reconciling economic growth with environmental stewardship, and its energy transition in 2047 will play a pivotal role in addressing climate change globally.