The concept of sustainable consumption and production is crucial in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12. India, a rapidly urbanizing country, is facing significant challenges in managing its resources sustainably. The country’s increasing urban population, projected to double by 2050, and rising income levels are expected to intensify the challenges related to unsustainable consumption of resources, including energy and materials.
India’s energy demand is forecasted to increase from 6.1% of the world’s total primary energy demand in 2017 to 9.1% by 2030. The construction sector is also a significant contributor to the country’s material consumption, with India consuming between 1,200 and 1,300 million tons of construction minerals annually. The country’s waste management is also a concern, with India generating between 100 and 300 million tons of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) annually.
To address these challenges, the Indian government has launched various policies and initiatives to promote resource efficiency and sustainable consumption and production. The Energy Conservation Act 2001 and the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2007 aim to improve energy efficiency in the electricity and construction sectors. The Standards & Labelling (S&L) Scheme sets minimum energy efficiency rules for appliances, while the Eco-Niwas initiative and the UJALA Scheme promote energy-efficient lighting.
The government has also introduced policies to address waste management in the construction industry, including the C&DW Management Rules 2016, which provide guidelines for waste segregation, treatment, and recycling. The National Resource Efficiency Policy 2019 sets ambitious targets to recycle 50% of C&DW by 2025 and 75% by 2030.
Recycling C&DW can help reduce raw material demand, free up land, and reduce environmental harm. It also creates jobs and attracts investment. Promoting resource efficiency and a circular economy in construction is crucial for sustainable growth and tackling resource shortages in India. The Smart Cities Mission, implemented in 2014, aims to improve housing and infrastructure in 100 cities, and redevelopment projects require significant amounts of sand and aggregates, highlighting the need for sustainable construction practices.
In conclusion, India’s rapid urbanization and growing economy pose significant challenges in managing resources sustainably. However, the government’s initiatives and policies to promote resource efficiency, sustainable consumption, and production, and waste management are crucial steps towards achieving the SDGs and ensuring a sustainable future for the country. By adopting a circular economy approach and promoting recycling and sustainable construction practices, India can reduce its environmental footprint, conserve resources, and promote sustainable growth.