A recent study conducted by a team of scientists from IIT-Madras, Jadavpur University, and Nanyang Technological University has found that the open burning of solid waste is a greater contributor to air pollution than coal combustion in thermal power plants. The study, which aimed to investigate the primary sources of particulate matter (PM2.5) in Neyveli, a region with a lignite-fired power plant, collected samples of various materials, including raw lignite, fly ash, and solid waste burning ash, between October 2020 and April 2022.
The results showed that the heavy metals found in PM2.5 aerosols were primarily linked to the open burning of waste, rather than coal combustion. The study also found that the burning of biomass and solid waste not only emits pollutants but also dehydrates the soil, increases local atmospheric turbulence, and mobilizes dehydrated soil particles in the air. This is particularly significant in areas of Tamil Nadu that are recognized as hotspots for PM emissions due to the burning of crop residues.
The study’s findings are supported by another study conducted in Delhi, which found no significant contribution of coal combustion to atmospheric lead pollution. Furthermore, the study notes that the GAINS model suggests that emissions from coal have plateaued in India, highlighting the need for better waste management strategies to reduce environmental impact.
The study’s recommendations are clear: India needs to redefine its pollutant priorities and take action to mitigate the effects of air pollution. This requires a shift in focus from coal combustion to the open burning of solid waste and biomass, which is a significant contributor to air pollution. By improving waste management strategies, India can reduce the environmental impact of pollution and create a healthier environment for its citizens. The study’s findings have significant implications for policy-making and highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing air pollution in India.