The rapid urbanization of India, with a projected population growth from 377 million in 2011 to 590 million by 2030, poses a significant carbon challenge. The construction boom driven by this growth has a multiplier effect on embodied and operational carbon emissions. Embodied carbon refers to the emissions generated during the life cycle of building materials, including extraction, processing, transportation, and demolition. Operational carbon, on the other hand, refers to the energy consumption in buildings, including heating, cooling, lighting, and running appliances.
To address this challenge, key strategies for decarbonizing the built environment include urban design and planning, green infrastructure, and green building design principles. For instance, green corridors, urban spaces with trees, parks, and vertical gardens, can reduce local temperatures and improve air quality. Promoting accessible streets that encourage cycling and walking can also lower reliance on private vehicles and reduce emissions.
The use of sustainable materials, such as recycled concrete, and passive design strategies, such as natural ventilation and daylighting, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of buildings. Green buildings, which incorporate locally sourced materials, energy-efficient cooling systems, and renewable energy solutions, play a crucial role in increasing energy efficiency and minimizing waste generation.
To accelerate progress, policymakers must enforce mandatory energy efficiency codes for all new buildings and prioritize nature-based solutions in urban planning. Expanding financial incentives for developers and homeowners adopting sustainable construction techniques can also encourage large-scale adoption. Collaboration between governments, industry, and financial institutions is essential in scaling sustainable building solutions and driving innovation in low-carbon and sustainable building materials and construction techniques.
The Indian government has taken steps to drive urban decarbonization, including the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) and the Smart Cities Mission. However, more needs to be done to accelerate progress. The country can learn from global best practices, such as Singapore’s Green Mark Certification Scheme, which provides cash incentives and financing options for green buildings. By aligning incentives, strengthening regulations, and fostering industry collaboration, India can create sustainable and resilient urban centers that allow citizens to thrive and secure the safety and health of future generations.