Here is a summary of the article “The Crisis of Urban Ecology in India” by Insights IAS:
The rapid urbanization of India has led to a crisis of urban ecology, with severe consequences for the environment, human health, and economic development. India’s urban population has grown from 170 million in 1990 to over 500 million in 2020, with many cities experiencing exponential growth. This growth has put immense pressure on urban infrastructure, leading to overcrowding, pollution, and a decline in environmental quality.
The crisis of urban ecology in India is characterized by several key issues. Firstly, air pollution is a major concern, with many cities exceeding permissible limits of pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. This is exacerbated by the widespread use of fossil fuels, industrial processes, and vehicle emissions. Secondly, water scarcity is a persistent issue in many Indian cities, with inadequate supply systems and poor waste management practices leading to contamination of water sources.
The crisis of urban ecology also has significant implications for human health. Air pollution has been linked to respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, and even premature death, while water scarcity and poor sanitation facilities increase the risk of waterborne diseases. Furthermore, the lack of green spaces and recreational areas in Indian cities has negative impacts on mental health and well-being.
Another significant issue is the loss of biodiversity in urban areas. As natural habitats are destroyed or fragmented, urban species are pushed towards extinction, and ecosystems become more vulnerable to disease and invasive species. This has far-reaching consequences for ecosystem services, such as pollination, pest control, and climate regulation.
The financial costs of the crisis of urban ecology in India are also substantial. The economic costs of air pollution alone are estimated to be over 8% of India’s GDP, while the costs of water scarcity are expected to rise to over 15% by 2030.
To address the crisis of urban ecology, the government and policymakers must prioritize sustainable urban planning, green infrastructure, and environmental governance. This includes the creation of green spaces, tree cover increases, and sustainable urban transport systems. Additionally, efforts must be made to improve air and water quality, increase recycling rates, and promote eco-friendly practices among citizens.
The crisis of urban ecology in India is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention and action. By addressing these challenges, India can create more sustainable, livable, and environmentally conscious cities that support the well-being of both people and the planet.