Vitamin B12 deficiency is often associated with poor diet or absorption issues, but certain commonly prescribed medications can also play a significant role. According to Dr. Sudhir Kumar, a senior neurologist at Apollo Hospitals in Hyderabad, two types of medicines – metformin and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb vitamin B12, potentially leading to deficiency over time.
Metformin, a widely used drug for managing diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic disorders, can reduce vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine. Long-term metformin therapy can result in a gradual decrease in B12 levels, causing symptoms such as fatigue, numbness, tingling sensations, cognitive changes, and mood disturbances. Dr. Kumar recommends regular testing of B12 levels every one to two years, especially for those taking the drug for extended periods.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), commonly prescribed for acidity and peptic ulcers, can also affect vitamin B12 absorption. Medications such as omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and esomeprazole reduce stomach acid secretion, which is necessary to extract B12 from food. Long-term use of PPIs can lead to lower absorption levels, causing unknowing deficiency in individuals who depend on these medications for chronic acidity or digestive issues.
Dr. Kumar emphasizes that individuals taking metformin or PPIs should not stop their medication without consulting a doctor. Instead, he recommends regular monitoring of B12 levels and prompt testing if symptoms of deficiency appear. Early detection allows for easy correction through supplementation or dietary adjustments. It is essential for individuals on long-term metformin or PPI therapy to be aware of the potential risks and take proactive measures to maintain healthy B12 levels. Regular check-ups and open communication with healthcare providers can help prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated symptoms. By being informed and taking preventative measures, individuals can minimize the risks associated with these medications and maintain overall health and well-being.